172 Herbal medicines survey. In the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists Journal (Feb. 2000) study on the use of herbal medicines before surgery, 51% of surgical patients use herbal medicines against their doctor’s advice prior to surgery.

a. What is the probability that a randomly selected surgical patient will use herbal medicines against his or her doctor’s advice?

b. What is the probability that in a sample of two independently selected surgical patients, both will use herbal medicines against their doctor’s advice?

c. What is the probability that in a sample of five independently selected surgical patients, all five will use herbal medicines against their doctor’s advice?

d. Would you expect the event in part c to occur? Explain.