6. Consider the outliers associated with Xg. Determine which outliers you think are rare

cases and which you think might be contaminants. Explain.

The data file labeled Ch 2 Exercises Part B contains research data collected from a ran- dom sample of N = 340 certified flight instructors (CFIs). The data set consists of 10 inde- pendent variables (IVS) and one dependent variable (DV). A description of each variable follows. X = Participants' biological sex (male or female) X2 Participants' age in years X3 = Participants' race/ethnicity X4 X5 X6 X7 Participants' marital status Participants' highest level of education Total number of years participants held a CFI certificate Participants' total hours dual given X8 = Participants' total hours dual given in previous 90 days Participants' total flight time (in hours) X9 = X10 Types of certificates participants currently hold Y= Complacency was assessed using a 7-item instrument measured on a traditional 5-point Likert response scale. Thus, scores could range from 7 to 35, with higher scores indicating a greater likelihood toward complacency as a flight instructor.

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Range Factor N M SD (L-H) Shape of Distribution