63 Racial profiling by the LAPD. Racial profiling is a term used to describe any police action that relies on ethnicity rather than behavior to target suspects engaged in criminal activities. Does the Los Angeles Police Department

(LAPD) invoke racial profiling in stops and searches of Los Angeles drivers? This question was addressed in Chance (Spring 2006).

a. Data on stops and searches of both African-Americans and white drivers from January through June 2005 are summarized in the accompanying table. Conduct a test

(at a = .05 ) to determine whether there is a disparity in the proportions of African-American and white drivers who are searched by the LAPD after being stopped.

b. The LAPD defines a “hit rate” as the proportion of searches that result in a discovery of criminal activity.
Use the data in the table to estimate the disparity in the hit rates for African-American and white drivers under a 95% confidence interval. Interpret the results.

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Race African-American White Number Number Number Stopped Searched of "Hits" 61,688 12,016 106,892 5,312 5,134 3,006 Based on Khadjavi, L. S. "Driving while black in the City of Angels" Chance, Vol. 19, No. 2, Spring 2006 (Tables 1 and 2), pp. 43-46.