A. Pre-Data Analysis 1. Specify the research question and corresponding operational definitions. 2. Specify the research hypothesis. 3. Determine the appropriate research methodology/design and explain why it is appropriate. 4. Conduct an a priori power analysis to determine the minimum sample size needed. Compare this result to the size of the given data set and explain what impact the size of the given sample will have on the results relative to the minimum size needed.

Although all airlines have luggage size restrictions for carry-on bags, not all airlines have weight restrictions for carry-ons. For example, according to luggagepros.com (n.d.), with the exception of Frontier Airlines, which has a weight limit of 35 lb. (15.88 kg), the major U.S. domestic carriers, including Alaska Airlines, American, Delta, Jet- Blue, Southwest, United, and Spirit do not have weight limits for carry-ons. However, many international airlines such as Aer Lingus, Air Canada, Air France, Air New Zea- land, Alitalia, Japan Airlines, KLM, Lufthansa, and Singapore Airlines have weight restrictions ranging from 15 lb. (6.8 kg) to 26 lb. (11.8 kg). Let's assume that the aver- age weight of carry-ons is = 17 lb. (7.7 kg). Given that many airlines have instituted checked bag fees but still offer one free carry-on bag, a concern is that passengers who regularly check their bags will replace their checked bag with a carry-on, and this in turn would increase the mean weight of carry-ons. The file "Ch_5 Exercises Part B Data" contains fictitious data of carry-on weights from a random sample of airlines that have carry-on weight restrictions. You are to import this data set into your statis- tics program and conduct a single-sample t test.