A. Pre-Data Analysis 1. Specify the research question and corresponding operational definitions. 2. Specify the research hypothesis. 3. Determine the appropriate research methodology/design and explain why it is appropriate. 4. Conduct an a priori power analysis to determine the minimum sample size needed. Compare this result to the size of the given data set and explain what impact the size of the given sample will have on the results relative to the minimum size needed.

Bell et al. (1995) examined the relationship between pilot experience and aviation safety. They defined pilot experience as pilots' total flight hours in all aircraft, and they defined aviation safety as scores on the Aviation Safety Index (ASI), which con- sisted of five safety-related statements that correspond to behaviors associated with preflight preparation. The five statements are given below. 1. I do a thorough walk-around inspection of an aircraft before I fly it. 2. 3. 4. I compute fuel requirements with an eye toward a 30- or 45-minute fuel reserve. I check the weather thoroughly before I fly (even on local flight). I use a checklist for interior and exterior inspection of an aircraft. 5. I compute takeoff and landing distances as well as runway lengths at airports of intended use for each flight.

Respondents were asked to self-assess the degree to which they performed each behavior using a 7-item bipolar adjective scale with "Never" at one end of the scale, which was scored 1, and "Always" at the other end of the scale, which was scored 7. Thus, aggregate scores could range from 5 to 35, with higher scores indi- cating more safety conscious pilots. The file Ch_6 Exercises Part B Data contains a set of hypothetical data that represents a pseudo replication of Bell et al. You are to import this data set into your statistics program and do the following (see also Section 6.6):