A. Pre-Data Analysis 1. Specify the research question and corresponding operational definitions. 2. Specify the research hypothesis. 3. Determine the appropriate research methodology/design and explain why it is appropriate. 4. Conduct an a priori power analysis to determine the minimum sample size needed. Compare this result to the size of the given data set and explain what impact the size of the given sample will have on the results relative to the minimum size needed.

The U.S. Air Force (USAF) periodically strengthens and refines its physical fitness testing standards. The most recent updates, which took effect January 2022, in- clude a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) timed run, the number of push-ups completed in 1 minute, and the number of sit-ups completed in 1 minute (Airforce Magazine, 2021). The data file Ch_7 Exercises Part B Data contains a set of data acquired from the records of members of a local state-based Air National Guard, which makes up one arm of the reserve component to the USAF. The file consists of the group's timed run (in seconds) and number of push-ups and sit-ups. You are to develop a regression model to predict the targeted group's timed run by the number of push-ups to see if in the next evolution of the USAF's changes to its physical fitness standards can eliminate the timed run component. Your analysis is to be done as follows (see also Section 7.5):