A. Pre-Data Analysis 1. Specify the research questions and corresponding operational definitions. 2. Specify the research hypotheses. 3. Determine the appropriate research methodology/design and explain why it is appropriate. 4. Conduct an a priori power analysis to determine the minimum sample size needed. Compare this result to the size of the given data set and explain what impact the size of the given sample will have on the results relative to the minimum size needed.

This research study is with respect to an aviation maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) facility, and the objective is to assess the effect a stress management initiative has on reducing employees' stress level. The rationale for the study is grounded in the belief that employee stress could lead to increased feelings of rushing to com- plete a maintenance task, frustration, fatigue, and complacency, all of which could lead to maintenance errors. To implement the study, a researcher pre-assessed em- ployees' stress level using the Stress subscale of Fogarty's (2005) Maintenance Envi- ronment Survey. This 9-item subscale assesses participants' perceived feelings and consequences about their stress and what contributes to it. A sample item is, "The demands of my work interfere with my home and family life." Items are scored using a traditional 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree. Thus, overall scores could range from 9 to 45, with higher aggregate scores reflecting higher levels of stress. Following the pre-assessment, employees en- gaged in various stress reduction activities for 1 month. These included a 30-minute extended lunch break each day, access to free onsite mental health counseling, a 1-hour after-work social event every Friday afternoon, and a 30-minute stress- reduction strategies workshop that was scheduled at various times each day to accommodate employees' different schedules. At the end of the study period, em- ployees were post-assessed using the same instrument. The corresponding data are located in the file Ch_11 Exercises Part B Data. Your assignment is to import this data set into your statistical software program and analyze the data using a repeated- measures t test.