Listed below are a number of research questions and hypotheses from actual published articles. For each hypothesis, identify the independent and dependent variable.

a. “The use of color in a Yellow Pages advertisement will increase the perception of quality of the products for a particular business when compared with noncolor advertisements”

b. “We hypothesized that parents who use more frequent corporal and verbal punishment … will report more problem behaviors in their children”

c. “It was hypothesized that adolescents with anorexia nervosa would … be more respectful when compared with peers with bulimia nervosa”

d. “The purpose of the present research was to assess brand name recognition as a function of humor in advertisements…. It was predicted that participants would recognize product brand names that had been presented with humorous advertisements more often than brand names presented with nonhumorous advertisements”

e. “The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between time spent in daycare and the quality of exploratory behaviors in 9-month-old infants … it was hypothesized that … infants who spent greater amounts of time in centerbased care would demonstrate more advanced exploratory behaviors than infants who did not spend as much time in center-based care”

f. “It was hypothesized that students would score higher on test items in which the narrative contains topics and elements that resonate with their daily experiences versus test items comprised of material that is unfamiliar”