One study compared two techniques designed to help children teach themselves how to do math problems

(Grafman & Cates, 2010). The first method, Cover, Copy, and Compare (CCC), required students to read the problem, cover it with their hand, write their solution, and then compare their solution with one provided to them. The second method (MCCC) was identical to CCC except that students first copied down the problem before starting the CCC procedure. The researchers asked students which of the two methods they preferred:

34 chose CCC and 10 chose MCCC.

a. Calculate expected frequencies (f_e) (assume the two hypothesized proportions are equal).

b. Calculate the chi-square statistic (χ²) for the goodness-of-fit test.