Problem Children Out of School in America is a report on the delinquency of school-age children written by the Children’s Defense Fund (CDF). Consider the following three reported results of the CDF survey.

• Reported result: Twenty-five percent of the 16- and 17-year-olds in the Portland, Maine, Bayside East Housing Project were out of school. Actual data: Only eight children were surveyed; two were found to be out of school .

• Reported result: Of all the secondary school students who had been suspended more than once in census tract 22 in Columbia, South Carolina, 33% had been suspended two times and 67% had been suspended three or more times. Actual data: CDF found only three children in that entire census tract who had been suspended; one child was suspended twice and the other two children three or more times .

• Reported result: In the Portland Bayside East Housing Project, 50% of all the secondary school children who had been suspended more than once had been suspended three or more times. Actual data: The survey found just two secondary school children who had been suspended in that area; one of them had been suspended three or more times .

Identify the potential distortions in the results reported by the CDF.