Using the means and standard deviations calculated in Exercise 1 for the helping behavior study, determine if the number of seconds until the participant helps the person in distress is the same for the three experimental conditions.

a. State the null and alternative hypotheses \(\left(\mathrm{H}_{0}\right.\) and \(\left.\mathrm{H}_{1}\right)\).

b. Make a decision about the null hypothesis.

(1) Calculate the degrees of freedom \((d f)\).

(2) Set alpha \((\alpha)\), identify the critical value, and state a decision rule.

(3) Calculate the \(F\)-ratio \((F)\) and create an ANOVA summary table.

(4) Make a decision whether to reject the null hypothesis.

(5) Determine the level of significance.

(6) Calculate a measure of effect size \(\left(R^{2}\right)\).

c. Draw a conclusion from the analysis.