Given a passenger car with the following parameters:

Mass: 2000 kg Wheelbase: 2.3 m Distance from the centre of mass to the rear axle: 1.2 m Height of the centre of mass: 0.6 m (above the ground)

Rear suspension wheel rate (i.e., stiffness at the wheel): 18 kN/m (at each wheel)

Rear suspension motion ratio: 2:1 (i.e., the wheel moves twice the amount of the spring, treat as constant)

Rear wheel drive Coefficient of friction: 0.8