Without doing detailed calculations, determine which of the following will raise the pH when added to 1.00 L of 0.100 M NH₃(aq):

(a) 0.010 mol NH₄Cl(s);

(b) 0.010 mol (CH₃CH₂)₂NH(l);

(c) 0.010 mol HCl(g); 

(d) 1.00 L of 0.050 M NH₃(aq);

(e) 1.00 g Ca(OH)₂(s). 

For NH₃, pKb = 4.74; for (CH₃CH₂)₂NH, pK_b = 3.16.