(Identifying non-value-added activities) Stacy Kroger is planning to build a concrete walkway for her home during her annual vacation. She has prepared the following schedule of how her time on the project will be allocated:
Purchase materials 4 hours Obtain rental equipment 2 hours Remove sod and level site 10 hours Build forms for concrete 12 hours Mix and pour concrete into forms 5 hours Level concrete and smooth 2 hours Let dry 24 hours Remove forms from concrete 1 hour Return rental tools 1 hour Clean up 2 hours

a. Identify the value-added activities. How much total time is value-added?

b. Identify the non-value-added activities. How much total time is spent performing non-value-added activities?

c. Calculate the manufacturing cycle efficiency.