We would like to create X and R charts for a process. Exhibit TN8.8 shows measurements for all 25 samples. The last two columns show the average of the sample X and the range R. Values for A2, D3, and D, were obtained from Exhibit TN8.7.

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Upper control limit for X = X+A2R = 10.21+.58(.60) = 10.56 Lower control limit for X=-A2R = 10.21 - 58(.60) = 9.86 Upper control limit for R = D&R=2.11(.60) = 1.27 Lower control limit for R = D3R=0(.60) = 0