15-1. The labor movement is important. About 15 million U.S. workers belong to unions—about 11% of the total. Workers unionize not just to get more pay or better working conditions;

employer unfairness and the union’s power are also important. Unions aim for union security, and then for improved wages, hours, and working conditions and benefits for their members.

Union security options include the closed shop, union shop, agency shop, preferential shop, and maintenance of membership arrangement.