4-5. In writing job specifications, distinguish between specifications for trained versus untrained personnel. For trained employees, you’re looking primarily for traits like experience. For untrained personnel, you should identify traits that might predict success on the job. Most job specifications come from the educated guesses of people like supervisors, and are based mostly on judgment.

Some employers use statistical analyses to identify predictors or human traits that relate to success on the job. Human traits that may predict the job candidates’ likelihood to be engaged and that the manager might therefore want to include in the job specification include adaptability, passion for work, emotional maturity, positive disposition, self-advocacy, achievement orientation, and a work history that includes a demonstrated commitment to serve others.