Botticelli Inc. was organized in late 2023 to manufacture and sell hosiery. At the end of its fourth year of operation, the company has been fairly successful, as indicated by the following reported net incomes.

The company has decided to expand operations and has applied for a sizable bank loan. The bank officer has indicated that the records should be audited and presented in comparative statements to facilitate analysis by the bank. Botticelli Inc. therefore hired the auditing firm of Check & Doublecheck Co. and has provided the following additional information.

1. In early 2024, Botticelli Inc. changed its estimate from 2% of receivables to 1% on the amount of bad debt expense to be charged to operations. Bad debt expense for 2023, if a 1% rate had been used, would have been $10,000. The company therefore restated its net income for 2023.

2. In 2026, the auditor discovered that the company had changed its method of inventory pricing from LIFO to FIFO. The effect on the income statements for the previous years is as follows.

3. In 2026, the auditor discovered that:

a. The company incorrectly overstated the ending inventory (under both LIFO and FIFO) by $14,000 in 2025.

b. A dispute developed in 2024 with the Internal Revenue Service over the deductibility of entertainment expenses. In 2023, the company was not permitted these deductions, but a tax settlement was reached in 2026 that allowed these expenses. As a result of the court’s finding, tax expenses in 2026 were reduced by $60,000.

Instructions

a. Indicate how each of these changes or corrections should be handled in the accounting records. (Ignore income tax considerations.)

b. Present net income as reported in comparative income statements for the years 2023 to 2026.

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2023 $140,000ª 2024 160,000b 2025 2026 $205,000 276,000 "Includes a $10,000 increase because of change in bad debt experience rate. Includes a gain of $30,000.