1. In a satirical petition on behalf of French candlemakers, Frederic Bastiat, a French economist, called attention to cheap competition from afar: sunlight. A law requiring the shuttering of windows during the day, he suggested,would benefit not only candlemakers but “everything connected with lighting” and the country as a whole. He explained: “As long as you exclude, as you do, iron, corn, foreign fabrics, in proportion as their prices approximate to zero, what inconsistency it would be to admit the light of the sun, the price of which is already at zero during the entire day!”

(a) Is there a logical flaw in Bastiat’s satirical argument?

(b) Do Japanese automakers prefer a tariff or a quota on their U.S. car exports? Why? Is there likely to be consensus among the Japanese carmakers on this point?

Might there be any Japanese automakers who would prefer U.S. trade restrictions? Why? Who are they?

(c) What characteristics of the U.S. car industry have helped it gain protection? Why does protectionism persist despite the obvious gains to society from free trade?