A food manufacturer is planning to bottle honey using gravity-driven flow from a tank. Fitting the equipment into the available space will require a pipe length of 4 m, with the inlet 2 m above the outlet. When the tank level is low, the pressure at the inlet will be close to atmospheric. The honey properties are as in Table 1.2.

What pipe diameter would be needed to obtain a production rate of at least one 17 oz. (0.482 kg) jar per minute? Is the proposed arrangement feasible?

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Table 1.1 Viscosity, density, and kinematic viscosity of gases (at 27 °C and 100 kPa)a Gas H₂ CH4 N₂ Air M(daltons) μ(10-5 Pas) 2 16 28 29 C₂H6 30 0.90 1.12 1.79 1.86 0.95 p(kg m-³) 0.0819 0.652 1.14 1.18 1.22 v(10-5 m² s¯¹) S 11.0 1.72 1.57 1.58 0.78