Define each of the following terms:

a. Optimal dividend policy

b. Dividend irrelevance theory; bird-in-the-hand theory; tax preference theory

c. Information content, or signaling, hypothesis; clientele effect

d. Residual dividend model; extra dividend

e. Declaration date; holder-of-record date; ex-dividend date; payment date

f. Dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP)

g. Stock split; stock dividend; stock repurchase