The Rivoli Company has no debt outstanding, and its financial position is given by the following data:

Assets (book  market) $3,000,000 EBIT $500,000 Cost of equity, rs 10%

Stock price, P0 $15 Shares outstanding, n0 200,000 Tax rate, T (federal-plus-state) 40%

The firm is considering selling bonds and simultaneously repurchasing some of its stock.

If it moves to capital structure with 30 percent debt based on market values, its cost of equity, rs, will increase to 11 percent to reflect the increased risk.Bonds can be sold at a cost, rd, of 7 percent.

Rivoli is a no-growth firm. Hence, all its earnings are paid out as dividends, and earnings are expectationally constant over time.

a. What effect would this use of leverage have on the value of the firm?

b. What would be the price of Rivoli’s stock?

c. What happens to the firm’s earnings per share after the recapitalization?

d. The $500,000 EBIT given previously is actually the expected value from the following probability distribution:

Probability EBIT 0.10 ($ 100,000)

0.20 200,000 0.40 500,000 0.20 800,000 0.10 1,100,000

e. Determine the times-interest-earned ratio for each probability. What is the probability of not covering the interest payment at the 30 percent debt level?