In “Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System”

by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton (Harvard Business Review, January–February 1996), the following appeared on page 2 of the article:

Managers using the balanced scorecard do not have to rely on short-term financial measures as the sole indicators of the company’s performance. The scorecard lets them introduce four new management processes that, separately and in combination, contribute to linking long-term strategic objectives with short-term actions.

a. How does a balanced scorecard assist in linking objectives with actions?

b. What are the “four new management processes” mentioned in the quote?