Oil has been flowing from a large tank on a hill to a tanker at the wharf. The compartment in the tanker is nearly full and an operator is in the process of stopping the flow. A valve on the wharf is closed at a rate such that \(1 \mathrm{MPa}\) is maintained in the line immediately upstream of the valve. Assume:

Calculate the initial instantaneous rate of change of volume flow rate.

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Length of line from tank to valve Inside diameter of line Elevation of oil surface in tank Elevation of valve on wharf Instantaneous flow rate Head loss in line (exclusive of valve being closed) at this rate of flow Specific gravity of oil 3 km 200 mm 60 m 6 m 2.5 m/min 23 m of oil 0.88