For each of the following, either construct a formal proof of its validity or prove it invalid,

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For each of the following, either construct a formal proof of its validity or prove it invalid, in each case using the suggested notation:


There is nothing made of tin that is not cheap. No rings are made of lead. Not everything is either tin or lead. Therefore not all rings are cheap. (Tx , Cx , Rx , Lx)

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Introduction To Logic

ISBN: 9781138500860

15th Edition

Authors: Irving M. Copi, Carl Cohen, Victor Rodych

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