For each of the following, either construct a formal proof of validity or prove it invalid. If it is to be proved invalid, a model containing as many as three elements may be required.

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(P₁): (x){(Lx V Mx) (P₂): (Ex) (Mx Lx) 2 (P3): (x) {[(Ox (P): (3x) (Lx Mx) :. (3x)(Nx Rx) 7 {[(Nx Ox)V Px] Qx}} Qx). ~ Rx] Mx}