Feeding fish In the midwestern United States, a large aquaculture industry raises largemouth bass. Researchers wanted to know whether the fish would grow better if fed a natural diet of fathead minnows or an artificial diet of food pellets. They stocked six ponds with bass fingerlings weighing about 8 grams. For one year, the fish in three of the ponds were fed minnows, and the others were fed the commercially prepared pellets. The fish were then harvested, weighed, and measured. The bass fed a natural food source had a higher average length (19.6 cm) and weight (95.9 g) than those fed the commercial fish food (17.3 cm and 72.0 g, respectively). The researchers reported P-values for both measurements to be less than 0.001.

1. Explain to someone who has not studied statistics what the P-values mean here.

2. What advice should the researchers give the people who raise largemouth bass?

3. If that advice turns out to be incorrect, what type of error occurred?