Consider the following statements about an M/M/1 queueing system and its utilization factor . Label each of the statements as true or false, and then justify your answer.

(a) The probability that a customer has to wait before service begins is proportional to .

(b) The expected number of customers in the system is proportional to .

(c) If  has been increased from  0.9 to  0.99, the effect of any further increase in  on L, Lq, W, and Wq will be relatively small as long as   1.