11.68 Physical Fitness Researchers Russell R. Pate and colleagues analyzed the results of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to assess cardiorespiratory fitness levels in youth aged 12 to 19 years. Estimated maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was used to measure a person's cardiorespi- ratory level. The focus of the study investigated the relationship between levels of physical activity (more than others, same as others, or less than others) and gender on VO2max. The data that follows are based on this study.11.68 Physical Fitness Researchers Russell R. Pate and colleagues analyzed the results of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to assess cardiorespiratory fitness levels in youth aged 12 to 19 years. Estimated maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was used to measure a person's cardiorespi- ratory level. The focus of the study investigated the relationship between levels of physical activity (more than others, same as others, or less than others) and gender on VO2max. The data that follows are based on this study.

a. Is this a factorial experiment or a randomized block design? Explain.

b. Is there a significant interaction between levels of physical activity and gender? Are there significant differences between males and females? Levels of physical activity?

c. If the interaction is significant, use Tukey's pairwise procedure to investigate differences among the six cell means. Comment on the results found using this procedure. Use a = 0.05.

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More Physical Activity Same Less Males 50.1 45.7 40.9 47.2 44.2 41.3 49.7 46.8 39.2 50.4 44.9 40.9 More Same Less Females 41.2 37.2 36.5 39.8 39.4 35.0 41.5 38.6 37.2 38.2 37.8 35.4