4.59 Alcohol Consumption and Smoking among Canadian Medical Students A team of researchers at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, conducted a survey to quantify the extent, and to assess student perception, of alcohol and tobacco use among medical students at the University of Calgary. For this purpose, a questionnaire was distributed to first-, second-, and third-year medical students attend- ing the University of Calgary medical school. Of the 327 students enrolled, 175 of students responded to the questionnaire. Six percent of the students currently smoke, while 86% currently drink, with a majority drinking fewer than 11 drinks per week. Suppose a group of 100 medical students at another Canadian university were classified according to their gender, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption habits, as shown in the table below.

Convert the frequency table shown above into a proba- bility table. If one student is selected at random from that group of 100 students, find the following probabilities:

a. What is the probability the student consumes alcohol? Is your answer consistent with the survey result? Why or why not?

b. What is the probability the student smokes? Is your answer consistent with the survey result? Why or why not?

c. What is the probability the selected student is a smoker and does not consume alcohol?

d. What is the probability the student does not drink?

e. What is the probability the selected student consumes alcohol and smokes?

f. If the student is a smoker, what is the probability that student consumes alcohol? g. If the selected student consumes alcohol, what is the probability the student does not smoke?

Transcribed Image Text:

Smoking Habits Alcohol Consumption Habits Smoker (S) Non-smoker (N) Total No 3 14 17 Yes 6 77 83 Total 9 91 100