a. A group of researchers were interested in comparing salt intake among four Cana- dian provinces. Five people were randomly selected from each of the four provinces and their sodium intake was measured in grams in a given day. The sample data is given in the following table.

Each day, the average Canadian consumes excessive amounts of sodium-an average of 3,100 milligrams-more than double the adequate intake. There is no recommend- ed daily intake (RDI) for sodium... but there are adequate daily intake and tolerable upper intake levels. 3100 is more than double the 1200 to 1500 AI. The adequate daily intake for a healthy adult is 1,200 mg to 1,500 mg of sodium according to Health Canada and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (Institute of Medicine) and a tolerable upper intake level is 2,300 mg. Statistics Canada estimates the average Canadian consumes more than 3,100 mg of sodium daily, making the goal of between 1,200 mg and 2,300 mg a significant reduction.

(i) Identify the experimental design. (ii) Create the appropriate ANOVA table. (iii) Test the null hypothesis of no difference in the true mean amount of sodium for the four provinces. Use a = 0.05. What conclusion can be drawn? Find and interpret the approximate p-value. (iv) Develop and interpret a 90% confidence interval for -M3 (Quebec versus Alberta). (v) Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate a difference between and 3? Test using the two-sample independent test with a = 0.05. (vi) Find a 90% confidence interval for (Ontario). (vii) Rank the province means using pair-wise comparisons. (viii) Use Tukey's method of comparison to determine which of the four provinces means differ from the others. Use a = 0.05. (ix) Use Tukey's multiple comparison method to determine which means differ. The following strategies help reduce added, unnecessary salt: Strategy 1: Cut down on prepared and processed foods. Strategy 2: Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. Strategy 3: Reduce the amount of salt you add while cooking, baking, or at the table. Strategy 4: Experiment with other seasonings, such as garlic, lemon juice, and fresh or dried herbs. Strategy 5: Avoid using commercially softened water for drinking or cooking. Strategy 6: Look for the Health Check symbol on foods. Health Check is the Heart and Stroke Foundation's food information program, based on Canada's Food Guide.

Transcribed Image Text:

Quebec Ontario Alberta British Columbia 2.5 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.1 2.7 3.2 2.7 2.6 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.2 3.3 3.1