Consider a population of individuals each of whom possesses two genes which can be either type A or type

a. Suppose that in outward appearance type A is dominant and type a is recessive. (That is, an individual will only have the outward characteristics of the recessive gene if its pair is aa.) Suppose that the population has stabilized, and the percentages of individuals having respective gene pairs AA, aa, and Aa are p, q, and r. Call an individual dominant or recessive depending on the outward characteristics it exhibits. Let S denote the probability that an offspring of two dominant parents will be recessive; and let So denote the probability that the offspring of one dominant and one recessive parent will be recessive. Compute S, and S, to show that S, S. (The quantities So and S are known in the genetics literature as Snyder's ratios.)