The data in FERTIL2 were collected on women living in the Republic of Botswana in 1988. The variable children refers to the number of living children. The variable electric is a binary indicator equal to one if the woman’s home has electricity, and zero if not.

(i) Find the smallest and largest values of children in the sample. What is the average of children?

(ii) What percentage of women have electricity in the home?

(iii) Compute the average of children for those without electricity and do the same for those with electricity. Comment on what you find.

(iv) From part (iii), can you infer that having electricity “causes” women to have fewer children? Explain.