Consider the medical appliances and equipment industry. Intuitive Surgical, Inc. (ISRG) pioneered a robotic surgery machine that revolutionized certain surgical procedures by making possible only minor incisions in the patient and therefore very rapid recovery from surgery. The price of the stock soared and, in December 2014, reached $530 per share. Furthermore, investors believed the company offered plenty of opportunities for future growth as it traded with a P/E of 46.