The following matrix gives the correlations between ratings on pain made by 123 people suffering from extreme pain. The nine statements are 1. Whether or not I am in pain in the future depends on the skills of the doctors.

2. Whenever I am in pain, it is usually because of something I have done or not done.

3. Whether or not I am in pain depends on what the doctors do for me.

4. I cannot get any help for my pain unless I go to seek medical advice.

5. When I am in pain, I know that it is because I have not been taking proper exercise or eating the right food.

6. People’s pain results from their own carelessness.

7. I am directly responsible for my pain.

8. Relief from pain is chiefly controlled by the doctors.

9. People who are never in pain are just plain lucky.

Each statement was scored on a scale from 1 (total agreement) to 6 (total disagreement).

a. Perform a principal components analysis on these data and examine the associated scree plot to decide on the appropriate number of components.

b. Apply maximum likelihood factor analysis and use the test described in the chapter to select the necessary number of common factors.

c. How do the principal components and factor analysis solutions compare?

d. Rotate the factor solution selected, using both an orthogonal and an oblique procedure, and interpret the results.

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1.00 -0.04 1.00 0.61 -0.07 1.00 0.45 -0.12 0.59 1.00 R= 0.03 0.49 0.03 -0.08 1.00 -0.29 0.43 -0.13 -0.21 0.47 1.00 -0.30 0.30 -0.24 -0.19 0.41 0.63 1.00 0.45 -0.31 0.30 -0.17 0.32 0.59 0.63 -0.14 0.37 -0.24 -0.13 -0.26 -0.26 1.00 -0.15 -0.29 0.40 1.00