Trying to reduce the flow of university students into certain portions of Ames, Iowa, home of Iowa State University, the city passed a zoning ordinance that permitted only singlefamily residences in specified areas. Under the ordinance, “family” was defined as any number of related persons or no more than three unrelated persons. The Ames Rental Property Association challenged the constitutionality of the ordinance. 

Questions 

1. What constitutional claim was raised by the plaintiffs? 

2. Criticize the Ames approach for achieving its housing goals. 

3. Decide the case. Explain.