Exhibit A.2 lists Fayol’s 14 principles of management, first published in 1916. Are they as useful today as they were then? Why or why not? When are they most, and least, useful?

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EXHIBIT A.2 Fayol's 14 Principles of Management 1. Division of work-divide work into specialized tasks and assign responsibilities to specific individuals. 2. Authority-delegate authority along with responsibility. 3. Discipline-make expectations clear and punish violations. 4. 5. 6. Unity of command-each employee should be assigned to only one supervisor. Unity of direction-employees' efforts should be focused on achieving organizational objectives. Subordination of individual interest to the general interest-the general interest must predominate. 7. Remuneration-systematically reward efforts that support the organization's direction. 8. Centralization-determine the relative importance of superior and subordinate roles. 9. Scalar chain-keep communications within the chain of command. 10. Order-order jobs and material so they support the organization's direction. 11. Equity-fair discipline and order enhance employee commitment. 12. Stability and tenure of personnel-promote employee loyalty and longevity. 13. Initiative-encourage employees to act on their own in support of the organization's direction. 14. Esprit de corps-promote a unity of interests between employees and management.