Advanced practice nurses, who have undergone the requisite training and certification, can enjoy expanded roles, including the following:

■■ Nurse practitioner: An RN who has completed the necessary education to engage in primary healthcare decision making.

■■ Clinical nurse specialist: An RN with an advanced academic degree, experience, and expertise in a clinical specialty (e.g., obstetrics, pediatrics, psychiatry).

■■ Certified nurse anesthetist: An RN who administers anesthesia.

■■ Certified nurse midwife: An RN who provides comprehensive prenatal care, including delivery for patients who are at low risk for complications.