Table 2.12 shows data from a General Social Survey cross-classifying a person’s perceived happiness with their family income. The table displays the observed and expected cell counts and the standardized residuals for testing independence.

a. For testing independence, X2 = 73.4. Report the df value and the P-value, and interpret.

b. Interpret the standardized residuals in the corner cells having (i) counts 21 and 83,

(ii) counts 110 and 94.