To illustrate Fishers exact test, Fisher (1935) described the following experiment: a colleague of his claimed that,

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To illustrate Fisher’s exact test, Fisher (1935) described the following experiment: a colleague of his claimed that, when drinking tea, she could distinguish whether milk or tea was added to the cup first (she preferred milk first). To test her claim, Fisher asked her to taste eight cups of tea, four of which had milk added first and four of which had tea added first. She knew there were four cups of each type and had to predict which four had the milk added first. The order of presenting the cups to her was randomized. For the 2 × 2 table relating what was actually poured first to the guess of what was poured first, explain how to use Fisher’s exact test to evaluate whether her ability to distinguish the order of pouring was better than with random guessing. Find the P-value if she guesses correctly for three of the four cups that had milk poured first.

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