How would you expect the actual rate of unemployment to compare with the natural rate of unemployment in the following cases? 

a. Prices are stable and have been stable for the last four years.

b. The current inflation rate is 3 percent, and this rate was widely anticipated more than a year ago. 

c. Expansionary policies lead to an abrupt increase in the inflation rate from 3 to 7 percent. 

d. There is an abrupt reduction in the inflation rate from 7 to 2 percent.