Label each of the following statements true, false, or uncertain. Explain briefly.

a. The main determinants of investment are the level of sales and the interest rate.

b. If all the exogenous variables in the IS relation are constant, then a higher level of output can be achieved only by lowering the interest rate.

c. The IS curve is downward sloping because goods market equilibrium implies that an increase in taxes leads to a lower level of output.

d. If government spending and taxes increase by the same amount, the IS curve does not shift.

e. The LM curve is horizontal at the central bank's policy choice of the interest rate.

f. The real money supply is constant along the \(L M\) curve.

g. If the nominal money supply is \(\$ 400\) billion and the price level rises from an index value of 100 to an index value of 103 ; the real money supply rises.

h. If the nominal money supply rises from \(\$ 400\) billion to \(\$ 420\) billion and the price level rises from an index value of 100 to 102 , the real money supply rises.

i. An increase in government spending leads to a decrease in investment in the IS-LM model.