C2.41 LO 2.8 2.9 2.10 Cost classifications; schedules of cost of goods manufactured and sold; income statement; product costs: manufacturer Colonial Tap Company (CTC) is a manufacturer of taps and fittings for the plumbing trade, located in Brisbane. The company was established by Ken Hall in 1951, with a workforce of 10, to meet the needs of the postwar housing boom. Its product range was fairly limited but the company had an excellent reputation for quality. Nowadays, CTC manufactures an extensive range of high quality brass and chrome taps. The company is managed by Ken's son, Michael, and employs 20 people. Although it has been consistently profitable, CTC has experienced increasing pressure from competitors since the early 2010s. The company uses a cost-plus approach to pricing but is having to reduce its markup constantly in order to maintain market share. Both Ken and Michael qualified as engineers. The business is small and has never been able to employ an accountant. Instead, a bookkeeper calculates monthly profit as sales revenue minus expenses. Prices are based on rough estimates of cost of direct material and direct labour inputs plus a 50 per cent markup. With the decline in profit and constant pressure on prices, Michael began to feel uneasy about the way costs and profits were calculated. The results for the month just ended were:

Sales Factory wages-production line Less Expenses: Materials purchased Production supervisor's salary Rent Council rates $150000 125000 17500 40000 2500 Sales staff Advertising Equipment depreciation Electricity Manager's salary Truck lease Total expenses Net profit 55000 9000 12500 6000 40000 5000 $490000 462500 $ 27500 Additional information There was virtually no beginning inventory of raw material, work in process and finished goods. At the end of the month, 10 per cent of the materials purchased remained on hand, work in process amounted to 20 per cent of the manufacturing costs incurred during the month, and finished goods Inventories were negligible. The factory occupies 80 per cent of the premises, the sales area 15 per cent and administration 5 per cent.

Most of the equipment is used for manufacturing, with only 5 per cent of the equipment being used for sales and administrative functions. Almost all of the electricity is consumed in the factory. The truck is used to deliver finished goods to customers. Michael Hall spends about one-half of his time on factory management, one-third in the sales area and the rest on administration. Required Michael Hall asks you to review the results for the month and evaluate the company's approach to estimating product costs. In doing so, you should: 1. Comment on the cost classifications used in CTC's income statement. 2. Estimate the cost of goods manufactured and sold. 3. Prepare a revised income statement for the month. 4. Explain the differences between your income statement and the one above. 5. If possible, suggest a more useful format for analysing costs than that used in your revised income statement. 6. Evaluate the usefulness of product costs based on direct materials and direct labour for determining selling prices. 7. Make recommendations for changes to be made to the company's approach to product costing and reporting profit.