Vanous attempts have been made in the public sector to achteve a more stable, long-term planning base tn contrast to the traditional short-term annual budgeting approach, wllh its emphasis on

'flexibility'. You are required to:

(a) explain the deftciencies of the traditional approach to planning which led to the attempts to introduce PPBS

(programme budgeting); (6 marks)

(b) give an illustration of how a PP BS plan could be drawn up tn respect of one sector of public authority activity; (8 marks)

(c) discuss the problems which have made it difficult in pract:ce to introduce PPBS.