Jones is little liked by his subordinates. He is a know-it-all who cannot handle criticism. He intimidates his subordinates with this attitude and they prefer to avoid him. If he comes into the department, conversations cease and everyone pays attention to their work. No one speaks to him or asks him anything. For most of the day, he sits in his ofce with the door closed. When he wishes to discuss something with someone, the person must go to his ofce. A great deal of information is communicated via email. A regular progress meeting is held in the department but Jones leaves this to his assistant. He gives his assistant instructions about the work to be done.

a What means of communication does Jones use?

b What impediments are there to interpersonal communication between Jones and his subordinates?

c What impediments of an organisational nature are there to communication between Jones and his subordinates?