Categorize each of the following activities as to which management responsibility it fulfills: planning, directing, or controlling. Some activities may fulfill more than one responsibility.

a. Management decides to increase sales growth by 20% next year.

b. Management analyzes the impact of a recent advertising campaign by comparing budgeted sales to actual sales.

c. Management reviews hourly sales reports to determine the level of staffing needed to staff the customer service desk.

d. Management uses information on product costs to determine sales prices.

e. To lower production costs, management moves production to China.