In the following situations, what component of the marketing information system would a manager use to find the necessary information?

a. A manager of a hotel wants to learn about trends in travel.

b. A manager of an office furniture manufacturer wants to know how many units of three different products made by the company sold during each month for the past three years.

c. A manager in a cosmetics company wants to estimate the contribution to return on investment earned by 10 different products in a product line.

d. A manager in a food retail chain is considering producing a new type of health food. She would like to know if consumers are likely to purchase the new food, at which meal they would most likely eat the food, and how they would prefer the food to be packaged.