Question: The free electron density in the night-time ionosphere increases exponentially from 10 9 m 3 to 10 11 m 3 as the altitude increases from

The free electron density in the night-time ionosphere increases exponentially from 10⁹ m⁻³ to 10¹¹m⁻³ as the altitude increases from 100 to 200 km, and the density diminishes above this height. Use Snell’s law [Eq. (7.49)] to calculate the maximum range of 10-MHz waves transmitted from Earth’s surface, assuming a single ionospheric reflection.

n sin = constant, (7.49)

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Snells law relates the angle of incidence i and the angle of refraction r of a wave at an interface between two media with different refractive indice... View full answer

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