The free electron density in the night-time ionosphere increases exponentially from 10 9 m 3 to 10

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The free electron density in the night-time ionosphere increases exponentially from 109 m−3 to 1011m−3 as the altitude increases from 100 to 200 km, and the density diminishes above this height. Use Snell’s law [Eq. (7.49)] to calculate the maximum range of 10-MHz waves transmitted from Earth’s surface, assuming a single ionospheric reflection.

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