Question: P9.12 A simplified model of the control system for reg ulating the pupillary aperture in the human eye is shown in Figure P9.12 [20]. The
P9.12 A simplified model of the control system for reg
ulating the pupillary aperture in the human eye is shown in Figure P9.12 [20]. The gain K represents the pupillary gain, and τ is the pupil time constant, which is 0.75 s. The time delay T is equal to 0.6 s. The pupil
lary gain is K = 2.5.
(a) Assuming the time delay is negligible, sketch the Bode plot for the system. Determine the phase mar
gin of the system.
(b) Include the effect of the time delay by adding the phase shift due to the delay.
Determine the phase margin of the system with the time delay included. 
FIGURE P9.12 Human pupil aperture control. Light intensity 1(s) Pupil Pupil R(s) Reference K area (1 + TS) Nerve Optic nerve impulses Y(s)
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