10. A sample of 163 prospective voters is identi 10. fied from both rural and urban communities.

Each voter is asked for his or her position on the upcoming “gay rights” state referendum.

The results are as follows:

In favor Opposed Rural 35 55 Urban 53 20

(a) Given this situation, state (in words) the null hypothesis of independence in terms of proportions.

(b) Determine fo and fe for each of the four cells of this 2 × 2 contingency table. Present this information in a 2 × 2 table that includes row totals, column totals, and the grand total. (For each row, does Σfe frow?)

(c) Compute χ2 (using Formula [18.1]) and complete the test at α 05 and at α 01

(two-tailed).

(d) What is your general conclusion from this χ2

?

(e) What is your general interpretation of this finding, based on a comparison of the fo’s and fe’s?